The World's Most Powerful Passports in 2025

Quintin Willekens
WRITTEN BY
Quintin Willekens

As someone who has lived abroad for nearly a third of their life, my passport is one of my most important possessions. Without it, I lose my identity and can’t even go home, let alone to another country. A passport, in essence, is what allows you to move freely around the world. Like many things, not all passports are valued the same – the freedom to travel is different depending on where you are from.

A powerful passport like the Japanese passport, allows you to travel to 190 countries visa-free or with minor pre-travel documentation. For passport holders from Nepal, that number drops down to 38 countries. There are three major organizations that provide a yearly passport strength ranking: the Henley Passport Index, Passport Index and Nomad Capitalist.

Let’s take a look at how the world’s passports stack up.

The World’s Most Powerful Passports in 2025

The world’s most powerful passports include those from countries like the United Arab Emirates, Singapore and Switzerland. There are three main rankings of passport strength that have gained global credibility over the past decade: Passport Index, Henley & Partners and Nomad Capitalist.

Both Passport Index and Henley & Partners base their rankings on the number of visa-free destinations a holder of that country’s passport can visit, with slight variations in definitions of “visa-free.” Nomad Capitalist considers travel mobility alongside taxation of citizens, perception, dual citizenship and personal freedom.  Here are the most recent top 10 passports according to each of three rankings:

Passport Index Henley & Partners Nomad Capitalist
Flag of United Arab Emirates, world's #1 most powerful passport United Arab Emirates Flag of Singapore, world's #1 most powerful passport Singapore Flag of Switzerland, world's #1 most powerful passport Switzerland
Flag of Spain, world's #2 most powerful passport Spain Flag of Japan, world's #2 most powerful passport Japan Flag of Ireland, world's #2 most powerful passport Ireland
Flag of Singapore, world's #3 most powerful passport Singapore Flag of South Korea, world's #3 most powerful passport South Korea Flag of Portugal, world's #3 most powerful passport Portugal
Flag of France, world's #4 most powerful passport France Flag of Denmark, world's #4 most powerful passport Denmark Flag of Luxembourg, world's #4 most powerful passport Luxembourg
Flag of Germany, world's #5 most powerful passport Germany Flag of Finland, world's #5 most powerful passport Finland Flag of Finland, world's #5 most powerful passport Finland
Flag of Finland, world's #6 most powerful passport Finland Flag of France, world's #6 most powerful passport France Flag of United Arab Emirates, world's #6 most powerful passport United Arab Emirates
Flag of Italy, world's #7 most powerful passport Italy Flag of Germany, world's #7 most powerful passport Germany Flag of Netherlands, world's #7 most powerful passport Netherlands
Flag of Netherlands, world's #8 most powerful passport Netherlands Flag of Ireland, world's #8 most powerful passport Ireland Flag of Norway, world's #8 most powerful passport Norway
Flag of Belgium, world's #9 most powerful passport Belgium Flag of Italy, world's #9 most powerful passport Italy Flag of Germany, world's #9 most powerful passport Germany
Flag of Luxembourg, world's #10 most powerful passport Luxembourg Flag of Spain, world's #10 most powerful passport Spain Flag of New Zealand, world's #10 most powerful passport New Zealand
✏️

Note: All ranking systems have been adjusted to follow a modified competition ranking or dense ranking. In this system, when there is a tie the next rank immediately follows the rank of the tied items, without skipping numbers.

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Why These Passports Rank Highest

These top 10 passports represent the strongest passports in the world. Each index—Passport Index, Henley & Partners and Nomad Capitalist—uses different criteria to evaluate passport strength. Here is a comparison of how they score and rank each country:

Criteria Passport Index Henley & Partners Nomad Capitalist
Basic Criteria – 193 UN member countries
– 6 territories
– 199 passports
– 227 travel destinations
– 199 passport-issuing countries
– Territories
Data Sources – Official government information
– Crowd-sourced data
– Proprietary research
– International Air Transport Authority (IATA)
– In-house research
– Government data
– Real-time intelligence
– Proprietary research
Counting as “Visa-Free” – Visa-free
– Visa on arrival
– ETA
– eVisa (within 3 days)
– Visa-free
– Visa on arrival
– ETAs (no pre-departure approval)
– Visa-free
– Visa on arrival
– ETA
– eVisa (within 3 days)
Scoring – Mobility Score (MS)
– UNDP HDI to break ties
– Score of 1 for visa-free or simple entry
– Score of 0 for pre-departure approval
– Visa-free travel (50%)
– Taxation (20%)
– Perception (10%)
– Dual citizenship (10%)
– Personal freedom (10%)
Updates – Real-time updates – Monthly updates – Real-time updates
Treatment of ETA and eVisa – Includes eVisa if issued within 3 days – ETAs are visa-free if no pre-approval
– eVisas not considered visa-free
– Includes eVisa if issued within 3 days

Leading Factors Influencing Visa-Free Access

  • Economic Stability: The economic stability of a country significantly contributes to its passport power. Countries with robust economies tend to have more powerful passports due to their stable political environments and strong international relations, which facilitate visa-free agreements with other nations.
  • Diplomatic Relations: International relations are key to determining visa-free access. Diplomatic agreements between countries can lead to mutual visa-free, visa-on-arrival, or visitor’s permit policies.For example, the recent introduction of an online travel authorization requirement for U.S. citizens visiting the Schengen Zone in Europe from 2025 highlights the impact of diplomatic negotiations on passport power. This change aligns with broader trends in European countries, where entry requirements are increasingly standardized for travelers from countries outside the EU.

Countries That Consistently Rank Third Place or Higher

Only a handful of countries make it into the third place tier or higher across all three passport ranking systems. These countries combine broad visa-free access, strong international perception, and favorable travel freedoms.

Here are the standout performers:

  • Finland
  • Germany
  • Italy

U.S. Passport Strength and Its Global Standing

The U.S. passport currently ranks between 8th and 11th place depending on the ranking system system. The U.S. passport offers access to 170 destinations with visa-free, ETA, e-Visa, or VOA. This ranking has declined in 2025 due to diplomatic tensions and stricter visa requirements from other countries.

Based on the Nomad Capitalist ranking, the United States ranks lower at 11th in the world with 43 countries having the same or a better score. The U.S. is above average on Travel and Dual Citizenship, average in Perception and Freedom and below average on Taxation.

While many U.S. travelers enjoy broad access through electronic travel authorizations or visa waivers, some destinations still require a prior visa, especially for longer stays or work-related visits.

Average Score
U.S.A Score

Complete Passport Strength Rankings of Every Country in the World

Here is a breakdown of the current ranking of every country in the world based on each of the three main passport strengths ranking systems:


Country Passportindex.org Henley & Partners Nomad
United Arab Emirates 1 9 3
Spain 2 2 8
Switzerland 3 5 1
Germany 3 2 3
Italy 3 2 3
Netherlands 3 3 3
Luxembourg 3 3 3
France 3 2 4
Austria 3 3 6
Ireland 4 3 1
Finland 4 3 3
Sweden 4 3 4
Belgium 4 4 4
Portugal 5 5 2
Norway 5 5 3
Greece 5 6 3
Denmark 5 4 4
Poland 5 7 6
Hungary 5 7 6
United Kingdom 6 4 4
Czech Republic 6 7 4
Singapore 6 1 6
South Korea 6 3 7
New Zealand 7 6 3
Estonia 7 9 5
Lithuania 7 9 5
Slovakia 7 10 7
Japan 7 2 8
Malta 8 6 4
Latvia 8 10 5
Croatia 8 12 6
Canada 8 7 8
Slovenia 8 10 8
Australia 8 6 9
United States of America 8 8 11
Iceland 9 11 3
Romania 9 16 6
Liechtenstein 9 14 7
Bulgaria 9 16 7
Cyprus 10 15 6
Monaco 11 16 6
Malaysia 11 13 9
Brazil 12 19 11
Argentina 13 18 10
Chile 14 17 9
San Marino 15 19 12
Hong Kong 16 20 13
Andorra 16 20 13
Brunei 17 22 16
Israel 17 21 17
Barbados 18 23 14
Bahamas 19 25 13
Mexico 19 24 15
Uruguay 20 27 12
Vatican City 20 28 12
Ukraine 21 32 25
Peru 22 36 17
Saint Kitts and Nevis 23 27 13
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 23 26 17
Seychelles 24 28 16
Costa Rica 25 30 15
Antigua and Barbuda 26 29 15
Trinidad and Tobago 27 31 18
Paraguay 27 33 18
Macao 28 34 21
Saint Lucia 29 32 17
Mauritius 29 31 22
Panama 30 32 20
Grenada 31 32 18
Colombia 31 39 23
Serbia 32 37 20
Taiwan 33 35 24
Solomon Islands 33 39 26
Dominica 34 35 19
Georgia 34 49 23
El Salvador 35 38 25
Guatemala 35 38 27
Honduras 36 40 24
Samoa 36 41 27
Montenegro 37 45 26
North Macedonia 37 46 27
Tuvalu 38 44 24
Russian Federation 38 50 32
Turkey 39 51 27
Kiribati 39 47 29
Venezuela 39 46 35
Tonga 40 42 26
Marshall Islands 40 43 28
Nicaragua 41 43 29
Palau 42 48 25
Moldova 42 49 31
Bosnia and Herzegovina 42 48 32
Albania 43 48 28
Micronesia 43 47 30
Qatar 44 52 32
South Africa 45 52 37
Kuwait 46 54 33
Saudi Arabia 47 60 41
Ecuador 48 57 37
Bahrain 48 60 38
Belize 49 53 36
Maldives 49 56 39
Timor-Leste 49 55 41
Oman 50 61 28
Jamaica 50 60 41
Vanuatu 51 58 34
Thailand 51 63 37
Guyana 51 59 41
Fiji 51 60 41
China 52 60 47
Indonesia 53 68 44
Belarus 53 65 51
Nauru 54 59 42
Kosovo 54 68 46
Kazakhstan 54 67 48
Botswana 55 59 40
Suriname 56 65 45
Bolivia 57 64 43
Papua New Guinea 57 62 48
Dominican Republic 58 71 42
Armenia 58 74 45
Lesotho 58 66 48
Morocco 59 72 49
Azerbaijan 59 72 51
Eswatini 60 69 50
Namibia 61 65 46
Malawi 61 70 46
Tunisia 61 73 51
Mongolia 61 79 51
Philippines 62 74 49
Kenya 63 70 52
Zambia 64 73 48
Cape Verde 64 74 50
Cuba 64 79 55
Tanzania 65 72 53
Ghana 65 75 53
Rwanda 66 77 51
Uganda 67 73 52
Gambia 67 73 54
Kyrgyzstan 67 78 56
Uzbekistan 67 79 56
India 67 81 56
Sao Tome and Principe 68 81 54
Tajikistan 69 82 55
Zimbabwe 69 77 57
Cambodia 70 86 53
Gabon 70 81 56
Vietnam 70 87 60
Sierra Leone 71 76 54
Mozambique 71 79 56
Madagascar 71 82 57
Benin 71 80 59
Burkina Faso 71 82 59
Senegal 72 84 58
Egypt 73 87 57
Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 73 83 58
Equatorial Guinea 73 84 58
Togo 73 82 59
Algeria 73 86 60
Bhutan 74 87 55
Niger 74 85 59
Jordan 74 86 59
Mauritania 74 83 61
Angola 75 89 54
Guinea 75 83 63
Comoros 76 87 55
Mali 76 86 57
Turkmenistan 76 90 65
Guinea-Bissau 77 86 58
Djibouti 77 92 59
Laos 77 91 60
Haiti 77 87 62
Central African Republic 78 88 60
Chad 78 87 62
Cameroon 79 89 62
Liberia 80 91 59
Burundi 80 91 62
Lebanon 81 96 59
Congo (Rep.) 81 90 66
Myanmar 82 93 67
Ethiopia 82 94 67
Sri Lanka 83 97 60
Iran 83 96 68
Nepal 84 101 64
Congo (Dem. Rep.) 84 94 65
Nigeria 84 96 65
South Sudan 84 95 66
Sudan 85 96 67
Eritrea 85 98 71
Libya 86 101 69
North Korea 86 99 70
Palestinian Territories 87 100 68
Bangladesh 88 99 65
Yemen 89 103 72
Somalia 90 102 70
Pakistan 90 104 71
Iraq 91 105 73
Afghanistan 92 107 74
Syria 93 106 70

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About the Author
Quintin Willekens
Senior Associate

Quintin Willekens is a cross-cultural education and sustainable travel expert with first-hand experience in 20+ countries and eight years in South Korea. Holding a Business Sustainability degree (Summa Cum Laude, Arizona State University), he applies sustainable development principles to international education and travel. With three years as an educator across K-12 and university levels, he guides students and families on cross-border education, visas, and safety. Quintin develops cross-cultural training programs and contributes to international tourism platforms, offering trusted guidance on student mobility, responsible travel, and global study preparation.