6. Algeria gained independence from France on July 5, 1962
Algeria gained independence from France on July 5, 1962, after 132 years of colonia rule. The Algerian War of Independence against France lasted from 1954 to 1962. French historians estimate that around 400,000 Algerians perished during the conflict.
7. The Algerian national anthem is a war song against the French
The national anthem, “Qassaman” or “Kassaman,” was adopted in 1962 and reflects the theme of the Algerian fight for independence. The lyrics promote nationalistic ideals and principles on the front line, and championing armed uprising as the sole route to independence.
The song foreshadows a “day of reckoning” for France, Algeria’s former colonial ruler. Algeria’s national holiday, Revolution Day, honors the beginning of the final bid for independence.
8. Algerian civil war from 1992 to 2002 was pretty ugly
The Algerian Civil War broke out across the country thirty years after independence. The war was fought between the Algerian government and multiple Islamist rebel groups from January 11, 1992, to February 8, 2002, after a coup nullified an Islamist electoral victory.
The conflict started slowly, but by 1994, violence had escalated to a point where the government’s stability was in question. The war involved extreme violence against civilians. Fatalities are estimated to be between 44,000 and up to 200,000.
9. The Algerian government runs on a combination of French and Sharia law
Algeria’s legal system is a blend of the French court system and Sharia law, reflecting its colonial past and significant Muslim influence. The official religion of Algeria is Islam.
Islamic symbols are on the flag and throughout the government. It is illegal to proselytize any religion other than Islam in Algeria.
Ancient Algeria was ruled by various empires and dynasties, including the Byzantines, Turks, Spanish, Romans, and Germanic tribes. The inhabitants converted to Islam when Muslim Arabs captured the region in the 7th century.
10. The Arab conquest of North Africa (Islamic Maghreb) shaped Algeria
The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, also known as the Arab conquest of North Africa, began in 647 and ended in 709. This period saw the Byzantine Empire lose its last remaining strongholds in North Africa to the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates, particularly under Caliph Al-Walid I. These campaigns were part of the rapid early Muslim conquests that reshaped the region over a century.
11. Algeria is a natural gas superpower
Algeria is the sixth-largest exporter of natural gas and has the 10th largest natural gas reserve in the world. Fossil fuels are the main export, significantly contributing to the economy and classifying Algeria as an upper-middle-income country. As of February 2025, Algeria had the seventh cheapest petrol in the world.
A large percentage of the country’s earnings come from hydrocarbon exports, and Algeria has negligible external debt. However, despite significant revenue from natural gas exports, many Algerians live in absolute poverty, with one in four citizens living on less than a dollar a day.
12. Algeria is home to seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Algeria has seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites and one Great Mosque
Al Qal’a of Beni Hammad
Al Qal’a of Beni Hammad was founded by the Hammadid dynasty in 1007 as a military stronghold that became their capital city. Al Qal’a of Beni Hammad was abandoned in 1090 and demolished in 1152. The main mosque was one of the largest and oldest in Algeria. Visit for the architectural significance of ancient ruins that are influential in Arab architecture in the Maghreb, Andalusia, and Sicily.
Tassili n’Ajjer
Tassili n’Ajjer is a vast sandstone plateau that contains Precambrian rocks and over 15,000 rock paintings and carvings from 10,000 BCE to the first centuries CE, depicting human figures, animals, and climate changes. Visiting offers a chance to explore rock art and geological formations.
M’Zab Valley
M’Zab Valley consists of five ksour (fortified villages) founded between 1012 and 1350 by the Ibadites, uniquely adapted to harsh desert environments. Each ksar features a mosque that doubles as a fortress with a watchtower minaret, an adjacent cemetery, and a palm grove. Techniques from the 11th century are still used today, and the site has significantly influenced modern architects and urban planners. Visiting M’Zab Valley offers a glimpse into architecture.
Djémila
Djémila is an ancient Roman city founded in the late 1st century under Emperor Nerva, located at an elevation of 900 meters. It expanded in the 3rd century and declined in the 6th century. The ruins include a forum, temples, basilicas, triumphal arches, houses, and early Christian sites such as a cathedral and baptistery. Visit for its well-preserved Roman ruins and mosaics.
Tipasa
Tipasa was founded in the 6th century BCE as a Punic trading post and port. Conquered by the Romans in the 2nd century BCE, it features Roman buildings like the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Christian buildings date from the 3rd and 4th centuries, and the city began to decline in the 6th century. Visiting Tipasa offers a mix of Punic, Roman, and early Christian ruins.
Timgad
Timgad was founded as a Roman military colony by Emperor Trajan in 100 CE. It included a triumphal arch, temples, markets, and baths, showcasing Roman urban planning and architecture. The city began to decline with the Vandal invasion in 430 CE and was eventually abandoned in the 8th century after the Arab invasion. Timgad offers an example of Roman urban planning and architecture.
Kasbah of Algiers
The Kasbah of Algiers is a fortified citadel on the Mediterranean coast, built on the site of a 6th-century BCE Phoenician trading post. Its present layout dates from the 16th century under the Ottoman empire. The Kasbah features old mosques, Ottoman-style palaces, souks, hammams, and traditional buildings. Visiting the Kasbah offers a glimpse into its Algeria’s past and beauty.
Djamaa el Djazaïr (Great Mosque of Algiers)
Djamaa el Djazair mosque, also known as the Great Mosque of Algiers, is a modern marvel in Algiers, Algeria. It has the tallest minaret in the world at 870 feet (270 meter). Djamaa el Djazair mosque is the most third largest mosque in the world after only the Great Mosque of Mecca and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina.
13. Algeria’s national animal is the Fennec Fox, the world’s smallest canine species
The Fennec Fox is Algeria’s national animal. It is the world’s smallest canine and is known for its oversized ears and small size. The Fennec Fox can go without water for long periods of time, and is nocturnal, and absolutely adorable. Algeria’s national soccer (football) team is named “Les Fennecs” after the Fennec Fox.
14. Algeria is home to the endangered Saharan cheetah
The Saharan cheetah is a cheetah species native to the Sahara Desert and the Sahel. Also known as the Northwest African cheetah, it is listed as critically endangered. There may be fewer than 500 in the wild, most of which are in Algeria.
15. Dates are a staple food for the Algerian population
Algeria’s diverse climate supports various crops. The coastal region, with its Mediterranean climate, grows citrus and wheat, while the desert regions are known for date groves.
Algeria is the 10th largest producer of dates in the world, with large palm groves common in desert oasis towns. The snack of choice in Algeria is the date fruit, which is both sweet and nutritious, packed with vitamins and dietary fiber. Algeria is often called the land of cherries and dates, referring to the varied climate: a mild climate in the north and a dry, hot one in the Saharan south.
Algerian dates are renowned for their quality and flavor. Visitors to Algeria are traditionally greeted with dates and milk, showcasing the cultural importance of this fruit.
16. Algeria is a large country with lots of neighbors
Algeria is the largest country in Africa and shares borders with other nations. Algeria’s neighboring countries in Northern Africa are:
- Morocco (969 miles border): Algeria and Morocco share a long tumultuous history, including the Sand War in 1963 and the Western Sahara War from 1975 to 1991. The Sand War was a border conflict between Algeria and Morocco, over Morocco’s claim to Algeria’s Tindouf and Béchar provinces in Western Algeria, close to the Mauritanian, Western Saharan and Moroccan borders. The conflict stemmed from unclear borders, valuable mineral resources, and Moroccan expansionism.
- Mali (844 miles border)
- Tunisia (642 miles border): Relations are friendly along the Tunisian border
- Libya (614 miles border)
- Niger (591 miles border): The border between Niger and Algeria is mostly desert with few crossing points. In recent years, the border region between Algeria and neighboring countries has gained attention due to increasing numbers of African migrants crossing it to reach Europe. In 2017, Algeria began stricter border policing, leading to criticism as deported migrants were left stranded at the remote frontier without provisions.
- Mauritania (286 miles border): Algeria and Mauritania opened the “Martyr Mujahid Ismail Ould Bardi” border in February 2024 to facilitate the transit of people and goods between the two countries. President of Mauritania, Mohamed Ould Cheikh El Ghazouani, and the President of Algeria, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, supervised the opening of the border intended to boost trade, enhance economic cooperation, and strengthen the bonds of brotherhood, friendship, and good neighborliness. Additionally, the plan includes creating a free trade zone and building a road linking Tindouf in Algeria to Ezouirat in Mauritania.
17. Algeria consists of four different regions you must visit
Western Algeria
Western Algeria includes the Tell Atlas Mountain range, Oran coastal plain and many historical sites influenced by Andalusian, Ottoman, and French heritage. The region is also known for its music scene, particularly Rai music from Oran. Other major cities include Tlemcen and Mostaganem. The economy is diverse, with strong agricultural sectors producing grapes, olives, and citrus fruits, alongside industrial sectors like petrochemicals and manufacturing.
Oran
Oran is Algeria’s second largest city, known for culture and beaches. Key attractions you must visit include the Santa Cruz Fort, the Great Synagogue of Oran, and the waterfront promenade.
Tlemcen
Tlemcen is renowned for its Moorish architecture and rich history. Visitors can explore the Grand Mosque, the ancient ruins of Mansourah, and the picturesque El Mechouar Palace.
Mostaganem
Mostaganem is a coastal city famous for its beaches and Ottoman-empire era architecture. Key sites include the Fort of Santa Cruz and Sablettes Beach.
Eastern Algeria
Eastern Algeria features mountains, valleys, and coastal plains, including parts of the Tell Atlas and the Aures Mountains. The region is known for its historical sites, such as Roman ancient ruins and the historic city of Constantine, famous for its bridges and cultural festivals. The economy has strong agricultural sectors producing cereals, vegetables, and fruits, alongside industrial sectors like steel and mining.
Constantine
Known as the “City of Bridges,” Constantine is famous for its dramatic gorges and suspension bridges. Key attractions include the Ahmed Bey Palace, the Cirta Museum, and the iconic Sidi M’Cid Bridge.
Annaba
Annaba is a historically significant port city with beautiful beaches. Key attractions include the Basilica of St. Augustine, the ancient ruins of Hippo Regius, and Ain Achir Beach.
Setif
Setif offers a mix of ancient Roman history and modern attractions. Visit the Setif Museum, the ruins of Djemila, and the Ain El Fouara Fountain.
Southern Algeria
Southern Algeria is dominated by the Sahara Desert, large sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and oases. This region is home to various Tuareg and other Saharan nomadic cultures, known for their desert landscapes and traditional crafts. Major cities in Southern Algeria include Tamanrasset, In Salah, and Adrar. The economy in Southern Algeria is largely based on oil and gas extraction, with some agriculture in the oases, producing dates and vegetables.
Tamanrasset
Tamanrasset serves as a gateway to the Sahara Desert and is a hub for exploring the landscapes of the Hoggar Mountains and the Assekrem Plateau. It is the center for Tuareg culture.
Djanet
Djanet is known for its desert scenery and ancient rock art. Key sites include the Tassili n’Ajjer National Park, which features prehistoric rock paintings.
In Salah
In Salah is a desert town famous for its red sand dunes. It is an excellent base for exploring the surrounding Sahara Desert.
Northern Algeria
The Northern region of Algeria includes the coastal plain along the Mediterranean Sea, the Tell Atlas Mountains, and fertile agricultural land. Major cities in this region include Algiers, Blida, and Bejaia. The economy is diverse, with a strong presence of government, finance, industry, and agriculture.
Algiers
The capital city offers a blend of historical and modern attractions. Visit the Casbah of Algiers, the Martyrs’ Memorial, and the Great Mosque of Algiers.
Fly to: Houari Boumediene International Airport also known as Algiers Airport is the main international airport serving Algiers, the capital of Algeria. The area where the airport is situated, Dar El Beïda, was historically known as Maison Blanche (‘White House’), and the airport was referred to as Maison Blanche Airport during the Algerian War of Independence.
Blida
Blida is known for its lush surroundings and proximity to the Atlas Mountains. Key sites include the Chréa National Park, the Mausoleum of Sidi El-Kebir, and the town of Hammam Melouane.
Bejaia
Bejaia is a coastal city. Key attractions include the Cap Carbon Lighthouse, the Roman ruins of Tiklat, and the Gouraya National Park.
18. Algeria faces several significant environmental issues
Algeria faces several significant environmental issues. Although Algeria is not a major contributor to global climate change, poor farming practices and overgrazing lead to soil erosion and desertification.
Pollution is another major problem, with rivers and coastal waters contaminated by the dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents.
The high Atlas Mountains and broad Sahara Desert influence the climate, creating a rain shadow effect that impacts water distribution. Greenhouse gas emissions mainly come from fossil fuel operations and power generation, with the economy heavily reliant on oil and natural gas. The government is pursuing sustainable development, but renewable energy only accounted for 3% of electricity in 2023 (data for 2024 and 2025 are not yet available).
19. Algerian cuisine is a delicious mashup thanks to foreign involvement and international influences
Key historical influences on Algerian cuisine
- Berbers introduced wheat cultivation and created couscous, the Algerian national dish
- Romans brought barley and other grains to Algeria
- Trade with the Americas introduced vegetables like potatoes, tomatoes, chilies, and zucchini
- Muslim Arabs introduced spices such as cloves, saffron, ginger, cinnamon, and nutmeg
- The Spanish brought olives, olive oil, peaches, plums, and oranges
- France introduced sidewalk cafes and long loaves of bread, which are still eaten daily.
Top 10 dishes in Algerian cuisine
- Couscous: Semolina wheat dish served with meat, vegetables, or as a dessert.
- Mechoui: Whole roasted lamb seasoned with herb butter.
- Etzai: Popular mint tea often given as a gift.
- Chakchouka: Spicy stew of tomatoes, onions, and peppers with poached eggs.
- Merguez: Spicy lamb or beef sausage.
- Harira: Traditional soup with tomatoes, lentils, chickpeas, and lamb.
- Makroud: Semolina pastries filled with dates or nuts, soaked in honey.
- Brik: Thin pastry filled with egg, tuna, or meat, fried until crispy.
- Lham Lahlou: Sweet lamb stew with dried fruits and almonds.
- Kesra: Traditional flatbread served with various dishes.
20. The Algerian camel calvary was a real thing in the Sahara Desert.
The Sahara Desert Algerian camel cavalry, known as the Méhariste, was a part of the French military during colonial times. These camel cavalry units were recruited from nomadic tribes and commanded by French officers.
The units were tasked with patrolling the vast expanse of the Sahara Desert. During World War II, Méhariste companies fought against Axis forces.
After the war, the Méhariste resumed their role as the police force of the Sahara Desert. They were stationed near the Tunisian border until the end of French rule in Algeria in 1962, following the Algerian War of Independence. After independence, the newly formed Algerian government disbanded these camel mounted units.
Too bad the US Army doesn’t have a camel division!
