2. A German-born architect invited by a Russian Tsar influenced Finnish architecture
Russian Tsar Alexander I invited Carl Ludvig Engel to Finland in the early 19th century to oversee the reconstruction of Helsinki after it became Finland’s new capital city. Engel designed many of Helsinki’s central buildings to make the composed city style we know today.
Engel’s works include:
![Inside the main room of the National Library of Finland showcasing unique architecture features.]()
Main room of the National Library of Finland.
- Helsinki Cathedral, an iconic symbol of the city in neoclassical architecture.
- The Government Palace serves as the official residence of the Finnish government.
- The University of Helsinki main building has been a center for education and research since its completion.
- The National Library of Finland is famous for its beautiful design and extensive collection.
3. Finland declared independence from Russia on December 6, 1917, after the Russian Revolution and collapse of the Russian Empire
Following the Russian Revolution, Finland declared independence. A year later, the conservative White Guard, backed by Germany, prevailed over the Soviet-supported Red Guard in the Finnish Civil War (January-May 1918).
Finland then faced challenges during World War II, defending its sovereignty through three consecutive conflicts:
- Winter War 1939-1940
- Continuation War 1941-1944
- Lapland War 1944-1945
4. During World War II, Helsinki used decoy fires on nearby islands to divert Soviet bombs away from the city center
During World War II, Helsinki endured air raids from the Soviet Union but minimized damage through effective defense strategies, particularly the “Fire Protection Plan.” This included anti-aircraft artillery and decoy fires on nearby islands to distract bombers. The fascinating history of resilience during wartime contributed to Finnish national identity and the preservation of Finland’s independence.
5. Helsinki has over 300 islands within city limits
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Harakka Island in the blue Baltic Sea.
Helsinki has its own beautiful archipelago, with over 300 islands around the Finnish coast accessible by ferry or boat.
I recommend visiting nearby islands like Suomenlinna, Vallisaari and Pihlajasaari. Suomenlinna, just 15 minutes from Helsinki, is a great day trip destination. Beside the great sea views and hiking trails, the island is famous for its tunnels and fortifications, that add adventure and history to your visit.
One of the unique attractions among the 300 islands is Rajasaari (dog island). This island is completely dedicated for dogs to run freely off-leash.
6. Helsinki University mints sword wielding scholars
During the annual graduation ceremony at Helsinki University, doctoral candidates receive a ceremonial sword in addition to their diplomas. This tradition dates back to 1640 and transforms scholars into literal “knights of knowledge.” The sword features symbols relevant to each academic discipline and represents the graduate’s solemn duty to defend truth, science and justice.
PhD graduates from other parts of Finland can also receive a certified civilian sword during their own graduation ceremonies.
7. Helsinki’s nickname is “The White City”
Helsinki earned the nickname “The White City of the North” because of the light-colored granite used in many buildings around the city center.
![A street in Helsinki featuring white buildings.]()
This is why Helsinki’s is named the “White City”.
From December to March, Helsinki literally transforms into a white city, covered all in snow.
>> LEARN MORE: Discover Rustic’s Winter Ski and Snow Program in Germany and Austria!
![White Helsinki Cathedral in front of the blue sky.]()
Helsinki Cathedral in Senate Square.
8. Modern Helsinki was named World Design Capital in 2012
Engel did well with the design as modern Helsinki has a deep-rooted design culture. The Design Museum and the influence of other Finnish architects like Eliel Saarinen showcase Helsinki’s brand of modern architecture.
The Helsinki Cathedral in Senate Square is a key example that reflects Helsinki’s stunning architecture and Nordic design aesthetic.
>> LEARN MORE: Interested in exploring more cities celebrated for their design? Check out fun facts about Copenhagen!
9. Helsinki residents are happy
Finland has once again been named the world’s happiest country in the 2024 World Happiness Report, marking its seventh consecutive year at the top. 90% of Helsinki residents share this sentiment, expressing high satisfaction with their lives, according to recent survey.
Key factors contributing to the quality of life in Helsinki include:
- Efficient public transport systems
- Simple pleasures, like enjoying ice cream along the coast
- Relaxing in saunas
- Exploring museums
Let’s draw inspiration from Finnish culture and eat more ice cream.
10. Sauna culture is life in Finland
Sauna culture is an integral part of everyday life for Finns, with public saunas serving as a cornerstone of their traditions. In downtown Helsinki, you find countless saunas welcoming both locals and tourists.
With over 3.3 million saunas for a population of 5.5 million, saunas are everywhere in Finland—nearly every house I visited had one!
Pro Tip: After a sweat session, jump into a lake for a refreshing cool-down.
